Friends or foes? Emerging insights from fungal interactions with plants
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different alterations in both partners. While fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant physiology, mutualistic fungi augment host defence responses to pathogens and/or improve plant nutrient uptake. Tropic growth towards plant roots or stomata, mediated by chemical and topographical signals, has been described for several fungi, with evidence of species-specific signals and sensing mechanisms. Fungal partners secrete bioactive molecules such as small peptide effectors, enzymes and secondary metabolites which facilitate colonization and contribute to both symbiotic and pathogenic relationships. There has been tremendous advancement in fungal molecular biology, omics sciences and microscopy in recent years, opening up new possibilities for the identification of key molecular mechanisms in plant-fungal interactions, the power of which is often borne out in their combination. Our fragmentary knowledge on the interactions between plants and fungi must be made whole to understand the potential of fungi in preventing plant diseases, improving plant productivity and understanding ecosystem stability. Here, we review innovative methods and the associated new insights into plant-fungal interactions.
منابع مشابه
Friends or foes: new insights in jasmonate and ethylene co-actions.
One strategy for sessile plants to adapt to their surrounding environment involves the modulation of their various internal phytohormone signaling and distributions when the plants sense environmental change. There are currently dozens of identified phytohormones in plant cells and they act in concert to regulate plant growth, development, metabolism and defense. It has been determined that phy...
متن کاملPlants versus pathogens: an evolutionary arms race.
The analysis of plant-pathogen interactions is a rapidly moving research field and one that is very important for productive agricultural systems. The focus of this review is on the evolution of plant defence responses and the coevolution of their pathogens, primarily from a molecular-genetic perspective. It explores the evolution of the major types of plant defence responses including pathogen...
متن کاملCulturing a plant microbiome community at the cross-Rhodes.
Plants live in close association with microbial communities consisting of a variety of bacteria and fungi. Individual members of thismicrobiota can contribute to plant growth anddevelopment, plant productivity and phytoremediation (Weyens et al., 2009). These microbes prosper in close proximity of plant roots (the rhizosphere), on root and leaf surfaces (the rhizoplane and phyllosphere (Lindow ...
متن کاملThe battle in the apoplast: further insights into the roles of proteases and their inhibitors in plant–pathogen interactions
Upon host penetration, fungal pathogens secrete a plethora of effectors to promote disease, including proteases that degrade plant antimicrobial proteins, and protease inhibitors (PIs) that inhibit plant proteases with antimicrobial activity. Conversely, plants secrete proteases and PIs to protect themselves against pathogens or to mediate recognition of pathogen proteases and PIs, which leads ...
متن کامل